Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | .TH FLASHROM 8 "Feb 15, 2012" |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2 | .SH NAME |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | flashrom \- detect, read, write, verify and erase flash chips |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | .B flashrom \fR[\fB\-n\fR] [\fB\-V\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-R\fR|\ |
| 6 | \fB\-L\fR|\fB\-z\fR|\fB\-E\fR|\fB\-r\fR <file>|\fB\-w\fR <file>|\ |
| 7 | \fB\-v\fR <file>] |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2d927fb | 2012-01-04 00:48:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 8 | [\fB\-c\fR <chipname>] \ |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | [\fB\-l\fR <file>] |
| 10 | [\fB\-i\fR <image>] [\fB\-p\fR <programmername>[:<parameters>]] |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
| 12 | .B flashrom |
Uwe Hermann | e8ba538 | 2009-05-22 11:37:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | is a utility for detecting, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 14 | chips. It's often used to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware images in-system |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | using a supported mainboard. However, it also supports various external |
| 16 | PCI/USB/parallel-port/serial-port based devices which can program flash chips, |
| 17 | including some network cards (NICs), SATA/IDE controller cards, graphics cards, |
| 18 | the Bus Pirate device, various FTDI FT2232/FT4232H based USB devices, and more. |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 19 | .PP |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | It supports a wide range of DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40, |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | TSOP48, and BGA chips, which use various protocols such as LPC, FWH, |
| 22 | parallel flash, or SPI. |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 23 | .SH OPTIONS |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | .B IMPORTANT: |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 5de9341 | 2009-05-01 10:53:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | Please note that the command line interface for flashrom will change before |
| 26 | flashrom 1.0. Do not use flashrom in scripts or other automated tools without |
Uwe Hermann | e8ba538 | 2009-05-22 11:37:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 27 | checking that your flashrom version won't interpret options in a different way. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 5de9341 | 2009-05-01 10:53:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 28 | .PP |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | You can specify one of |
| 30 | .BR \-h ", " \-R ", " \-L ", " \-z ", " \-E ", " \-r ", " \-w ", " \-v |
| 31 | or no operation. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 32 | If no operation is specified, flashrom will only probe for flash chips. It is |
Michael Karcher | 31fd825 | 2010-03-12 06:41:39 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 33 | recommended that if you try flashrom the first time on a system, you run it |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 34 | in probe-only mode and check the output. Also you are advised to make a |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | backup of your current ROM contents with |
| 36 | .B \-r |
| 37 | before you try to write a new image. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 38 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 39 | .B "\-r, \-\-read <file>" |
| 40 | Read flash ROM contents and save them into the given |
| 41 | .BR <file> . |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | If the file already exists, it will be overwritten. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 43 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | .B "\-w, \-\-write <file>" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | Write |
| 46 | .B <file> |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | into flash ROM. This will first automatically |
| 48 | .B erase |
| 49 | the chip, then write to it. |
Stefan Tauner | ac54fbe | 2011-07-21 19:52:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 50 | .sp |
| 51 | In the process the chip is also read several times. First an in-memory backup |
| 52 | is made for disaster recovery and to be able to skip regions that are |
| 53 | already equal to the image file. This copy is updated along with the write |
| 54 | operation. In case of erase errors it is even re-read completely. After |
| 55 | writing has finished and if verification is enabled, the whole flash chip is |
| 56 | read out and compared with the input image. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | ea07f62 | 2009-06-24 17:31:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | .B "\-n, \-\-noverify" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 59 | Skip the automatic verification of flash ROM contents after writing. Using this |
Uwe Hermann | ea07f62 | 2009-06-24 17:31:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 60 | option is |
| 61 | .B not |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | recommended, you should only use it if you know what you are doing and if you |
Uwe Hermann | ea07f62 | 2009-06-24 17:31:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 63 | feel that the time for verification takes too long. |
| 64 | .sp |
| 65 | Typical usage is: |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | .B "flashrom \-n \-w <file>" |
Uwe Hermann | ea07f62 | 2009-06-24 17:31:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 67 | .sp |
| 68 | This option is only useful in combination with |
| 69 | .BR \-\-write . |
| 70 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | .B "\-v, \-\-verify <file>" |
| 72 | Verify the flash ROM contents against the given |
| 73 | .BR <file> . |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | .TP |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 75 | .B "\-E, \-\-erase" |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 76 | Erase the flash ROM chip. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | .TP |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | .B "\-V, \-\-verbose" |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | More verbose output. This option can be supplied multiple times |
Stefan Tauner | eebeb53 | 2011-08-04 17:40:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 80 | (max. 3 times, i.e. |
| 81 | .BR \-VVV ) |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 82 | for even more debug output. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 83 | .TP |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 84 | .B "\-c, \-\-chip" <chipname> |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | Probe only for the specified flash ROM chip. This option takes the chip name as |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | printed by |
| 87 | .B "flashrom \-L" |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 88 | without the vendor name as parameter. Please note that the chip name is |
| 89 | case sensitive. |
Joerg Mayer | 645c6df | 2010-03-13 14:47:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | .TP |
Joerg Mayer | 645c6df | 2010-03-13 14:47:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 91 | .B "\-f, \-\-force" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 92 | Force one or more of the following actions: |
Joerg Mayer | 645c6df | 2010-03-13 14:47:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | * Force chip read and pretend the chip is there. |
| 95 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 96 | * Force chip access even if the chip is bigger than the maximum supported \ |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | size for the flash bus. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 98 | .sp |
| 99 | * Force erase even if erase is known bad. |
| 100 | .sp |
| 101 | * Force write even if write is known bad. |
Joerg Mayer | 645c6df | 2010-03-13 14:47:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 102 | .TP |
| 103 | .B "\-l, \-\-layout <file>" |
| 104 | Read ROM layout from |
| 105 | .BR <file> . |
Uwe Hermann | 87c0793 | 2009-05-05 16:15:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | .sp |
| 107 | flashrom supports ROM layouts. This allows you to flash certain parts of |
| 108 | the flash chip only. A ROM layout file looks like follows: |
| 109 | .sp |
| 110 | 00000000:00008fff gfxrom |
| 111 | 00009000:0003ffff normal |
| 112 | 00040000:0007ffff fallback |
| 113 | .sp |
| 114 | i.e.: |
| 115 | startaddr:endaddr name |
| 116 | .sp |
| 117 | All addresses are offsets within the file, not absolute addresses! |
| 118 | If you only want to update the normal image in a ROM you can say: |
| 119 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 120 | .B " flashrom \-\-layout rom.layout \-\-image normal \-w agami_aruma.rom" |
Uwe Hermann | 87c0793 | 2009-05-05 16:15:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | .sp |
| 122 | To update normal and fallback but leave the VGA BIOS alone, say: |
| 123 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | .B " flashrom \-l rom.layout \-i normal \" |
Uwe Hermann | 87c0793 | 2009-05-05 16:15:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | .br |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | .B " \-i fallback \-w agami_aruma.rom" |
Uwe Hermann | 87c0793 | 2009-05-05 16:15:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 127 | .sp |
| 128 | Currently overlapping sections are not supported. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | e74b9f8 | 2009-04-10 14:41:29 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 130 | .B "\-i, \-\-image <name>" |
Uwe Hermann | 67808fe | 2007-10-18 00:29:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 131 | Only flash image |
| 132 | .B <name> |
| 133 | from flash layout. |
Stefan Reinauer | de063bf | 2006-09-21 13:09:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | e5ac164 | 2008-03-12 11:54:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | .B "\-L, \-\-list\-supported" |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | List the flash chips, chipsets, mainboards, and external programmers |
| 137 | (including PCI, USB, parallel port, and serial port based devices) |
Uwe Hermann | e8ba538 | 2009-05-22 11:37:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 138 | supported by flashrom. |
Uwe Hermann | e5ac164 | 2008-03-12 11:54:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | e8ba538 | 2009-05-22 11:37:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | There are many unlisted boards which will work out of the box, without |
| 141 | special support in flashrom. Please let us know if you can verify that |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | other boards work or do not work out of the box. |
| 143 | .sp |
| 144 | .B IMPORTANT: |
| 145 | For verification you have |
Uwe Hermann | e8ba538 | 2009-05-22 11:37:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 146 | to test an ERASE and/or WRITE operation, so make sure you only do that |
| 147 | if you have proper means to recover from failure! |
Uwe Hermann | e5ac164 | 2008-03-12 11:54:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | .TP |
Uwe Hermann | 20a293f | 2009-06-19 10:42:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | .B "\-z, \-\-list\-supported-wiki" |
| 150 | Same as |
| 151 | .BR \-\-list\-supported , |
| 152 | but outputs the supported hardware in MediaWiki syntax, so that it can be |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 153 | easily pasted into the wiki page at |
| 154 | .BR http://www.flashrom.org/ . |
| 155 | Please note that MediaWiki output is not compiled in by default. |
Uwe Hermann | 20a293f | 2009-06-19 10:42:43 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | .TP |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | .B "\-p, \-\-programmer <name>[:parameter[,parameter[,parameter]]]" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ce98677 | 2009-05-09 00:27:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 158 | Specify the programmer device. Currently supported are: |
| 159 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | .BR "* internal" " (default, for in-system flashing in the mainboard)" |
| 161 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | .BR "* dummy" " (virtual programmer for testing flashrom)" |
Uwe Hermann | c7e8a0c | 2009-05-19 14:14:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | .BR "* nic3com" " (for flash ROMs on 3COM network cards)" |
| 165 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 829ed84 | 2010-05-24 17:39:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | .BR "* nicrealtek" " (for flash ROMs on Realtek network cards)" |
| 167 | .sp |
| 168 | .BR "* nicsmc1211" " (for flash ROMs on RTL8139-compatible SMC2 network cards)" |
| 169 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 170 | .BR "* nicnatsemi" " (for flash ROMs on National Semiconductor DP838* network \ |
| 171 | cards)" |
| 172 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 314cfba | 2011-07-28 19:23:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | .BR "* nicintel" " (for parallel flash ROMs on Intel 10/100Mbit network cards) |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 174 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 2bc98f6 | 2009-09-30 18:29:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 175 | .BR "* gfxnvidia" " (for flash ROMs on NVIDIA graphics cards)" |
| 176 | .sp |
TURBO J | b0912c0 | 2009-09-02 23:00:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | .BR "* drkaiser" " (for flash ROMs on Dr. Kaiser PC-Waechter PCI cards)" |
| 178 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | c7e8a0c | 2009-05-19 14:14:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | .BR "* satasii" " (for flash ROMs on Silicon Image SATA/IDE controllers)" |
| 180 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 181 | .BR "* satamv" " (for flash ROMs on Marvell SATA controllers)" |
| 182 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | ddd5c9e | 2010-02-21 21:17:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 183 | .BR "* atahpt" " (for flash ROMs on Highpoint ATA/RAID controllers)" |
| 184 | .sp |
Pete Batard | c020706 | 2011-06-11 12:21:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | .BR "* ft2232_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs attached to an FT2232/FT4232H family \ |
Uwe Hermann | 314cfba | 2011-07-28 19:23:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | based USB SPI programmer), including the DLP Design DLP-USB1232H, \ |
| 187 | FTDI FT2232H Mini-Module, FTDI FT4232H Mini-Module, openbiosprog-spi, Amontec \ |
Steve Markgraf | 0528b7f | 2011-08-12 01:19:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 188 | JTAGkey/JTAGkey-tiny/JTAGkey-2, Dangerous Prototypes Bus Blaster, \ |
Samir Ibradžić | 7189a5f | 2011-10-20 23:14:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | Olimex ARM-USB-TINY/-H, Olimex ARM-USB-OCD/-H, TIAO/DIYGADGET USB |
| 190 | Multi-Protocol Adapter (TUMPA), and GOEPEL PicoTAP. |
Paul Fox | 05dfbe6 | 2009-06-16 21:08:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 314cfba | 2011-07-28 19:23:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | .BR "* serprog" " (for flash ROMs attached to a programmer speaking serprog), \ |
| 193 | including AVR flasher by Urja Rannikko, AVR flasher by eightdot, \ |
| 194 | Arduino Mega flasher by fritz, InSystemFlasher by Juhana Helovuo, and \ |
| 195 | atmegaXXu2-flasher by Stefan Tauner." |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | dfade10 | 2009-08-18 23:51:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 196 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 197 | .BR "* buspirate_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a Bus Pirate)" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | d5b28fa | 2009-11-24 18:27:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 198 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 199 | .BR "* dediprog" " (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a Dediprog SF100)" |
| 200 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ae418d8 | 2011-09-12 06:17:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | .BR "* rayer_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a RayeR parport " |
| 202 | or Xilinx DLC5 compatible cable) |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | e7fdd6e | 2010-07-21 10:26:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 203 | .sp |
Michael Karcher | e544939 | 2012-05-05 20:53:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 204 | .BR "* pony_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs attached to a SI-Prog serial port " |
| 205 | bitbanging adapter) |
| 206 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 314cfba | 2011-07-28 19:23:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 207 | .BR "* nicintel_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs on Intel Gigabit network cards)" |
Idwer Vollering | 004f4b7 | 2010-09-03 18:21:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 208 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 314cfba | 2011-07-28 19:23:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 209 | .BR "* ogp_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs on Open Graphics Project graphics card)" |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 210 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8541d23 | 2012-02-16 21:00:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 211 | .BR "* linux_spi" " (for SPI flash ROMs accessible via /dev/spidevX.Y on Linux)" |
| 212 | .sp |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 213 | Some programmers have optional or mandatory parameters which are described |
| 214 | in detail in the |
| 215 | .B PROGRAMMER SPECIFIC INFO |
| 216 | section. Support for some programmers can be disabled at compile time. |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 217 | .B "flashrom \-h" |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 218 | lists all supported programmers. |
| 219 | .TP |
| 220 | .B "\-h, \-\-help" |
| 221 | Show a help text and exit. |
| 222 | .TP |
| 223 | .B "\-R, \-\-version" |
| 224 | Show version information and exit. |
| 225 | .SH PROGRAMMER SPECIFIC INFO |
| 226 | Some programmer drivers accept further parameters to set programmer-specific |
Uwe Hermann | 4e3d0b3 | 2010-03-25 23:18:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 227 | parameters. These parameters are separated from the programmer name by a |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 228 | colon. While some programmers take arguments at fixed positions, other |
| 229 | programmers use a key/value interface in which the key and value is separated |
| 230 | by an equal sign and different pairs are separated by a comma or a colon. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 231 | .SS |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 232 | .BR "internal " programmer |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 233 | .TP |
| 234 | .B Board Enables |
| 235 | .sp |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 236 | Some mainboards require to run mainboard specific code to enable flash erase |
| 237 | and write support (and probe support on old systems with parallel flash). |
| 238 | The mainboard brand and model (if it requires specific code) is usually |
| 239 | autodetected using one of the following mechanisms: If your system is |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 240 | running coreboot, the mainboard type is determined from the coreboot table. |
| 241 | Otherwise, the mainboard is detected by examining the onboard PCI devices |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 242 | and possibly DMI info. If PCI and DMI do not contain information to uniquely |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2d927fb | 2012-01-04 00:48:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 243 | identify the mainboard (which is the exception), or if you want to override |
| 244 | the detected mainboard model, you can specify the mainboard using the |
| 245 | .sp |
| 246 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:mainboard=[<vendor>:]<board>" |
| 247 | syntax. |
| 248 | .sp |
| 249 | See the 'Known boards' or 'Known laptops' section in the output |
| 250 | of 'flashrom \-L' for a list of boards which require the specification of |
| 251 | the board name, if no coreboot table is found. |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 252 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 253 | Some of these board-specific flash enabling functions (called |
| 254 | .BR "board enables" ) |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 255 | in flashrom have not yet been tested. If your mainboard is detected needing |
| 256 | an untested board enable function, a warning message is printed and the |
| 257 | board enable is not executed, because a wrong board enable function might |
| 258 | cause the system to behave erratically, as board enable functions touch the |
| 259 | low-level internals of a mainboard. Not executing a board enable function |
| 260 | (if one is needed) might cause detection or erasing failure. If your board |
| 261 | protects only part of the flash (commonly the top end, called boot block), |
| 262 | flashrom might encounter an error only after erasing the unprotected part, |
| 263 | so running without the board-enable function might be dangerous for erase |
| 264 | and write (which includes erase). |
| 265 | .sp |
| 266 | The suggested procedure for a mainboard with untested board specific code is |
| 267 | to first try to probe the ROM (just invoke flashrom and check that it |
| 268 | detects your flash chip type) without running the board enable code (i.e. |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 269 | without any parameters). If it finds your chip, fine. Otherwise, retry |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 270 | probing your chip with the board-enable code running, using |
| 271 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 272 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:boardenable=force" |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 273 | .sp |
| 274 | If your chip is still not detected, the board enable code seems to be broken |
| 275 | or the flash chip unsupported. Otherwise, make a backup of your current ROM |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 276 | contents (using |
| 277 | .BR \-r ) |
| 278 | and store it to a medium outside of your computer, like |
| 279 | a USB drive or a network share. If you needed to run the board enable code |
Michael Karcher | 7f0c3ec | 2010-03-07 22:29:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 280 | already for probing, use it for reading too. Now you can try to write the |
| 281 | new image. You should enable the board enable code in any case now, as it |
| 282 | has been written because it is known that writing/erasing without the board |
| 283 | enable is going to fail. In any case (success or failure), please report to |
| 284 | the flashrom mailing list, see below. |
| 285 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 286 | .TP |
| 287 | .B Coreboot |
| 288 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 289 | On systems running coreboot, flashrom checks whether the desired image matches |
| 290 | your mainboard. This needs some special board ID to be present in the image. |
| 291 | If flashrom detects that the image you want to write and the current board |
| 292 | do not match, it will refuse to write the image unless you specify |
| 293 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 294 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:boardmismatch=force" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 295 | .TP |
| 296 | .B ITE IT87 Super I/O |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 297 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 01f3ef4 | 2010-03-25 02:50:40 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 298 | If your mainboard uses an ITE IT87 series Super I/O for LPC<->SPI flash bus |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 299 | translation, flashrom should autodetect that configuration. If you want to |
| 300 | set the I/O base port of the IT87 series SPI controller manually instead of |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 301 | using the value provided by the BIOS, use the |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 302 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 303 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:it87spiport=portnum" |
| 304 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 305 | syntax where |
| 306 | .B portnum |
| 307 | is the I/O port number (must be a multiple of 8). In the unlikely case |
| 308 | flashrom doesn't detect an active IT87 LPC<->SPI bridge, please send a bug |
| 309 | report so we can diagnose the problem. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 310 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 311 | .TP |
| 312 | .B Intel chipsets |
| 313 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 50e7c60 | 2011-11-08 10:55:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 314 | If you have an Intel chipset with an ICH8 or later southbridge with SPI flash |
| 315 | attached, and if a valid descriptor was written to it (e.g. by the vendor), the |
| 316 | chipset provides an alternative way to access the flash chip(s) named |
| 317 | .BR "Hardware Sequencing" . |
| 318 | It is much simpler than the normal access method (called |
| 319 | .BR "Software Sequencing" ")," |
| 320 | but does not allow the software to choose the SPI commands to be sent. |
| 321 | You can use the |
| 322 | .sp |
| 323 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:ich_spi_mode=value" |
| 324 | .sp |
| 325 | syntax where value can be |
| 326 | .BR auto ", " swseq " or " hwseq . |
| 327 | By default |
| 328 | .RB "(or when setting " ich_spi_mode=auto ) |
| 329 | the module tries to use swseq and only activates hwseq if need be (e.g. if |
| 330 | important opcodes are inaccessible due to lockdown; or if more than one flash |
| 331 | chip is attached). The other options (swseq, hwseq) select the respective mode |
| 332 | (if possible). |
| 333 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 5210e72 | 2012-02-16 01:13:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 334 | ICH8 and later southbridges may also have locked address ranges of different |
| 335 | kinds if a valid descriptor was written to it. The flash address space is then |
| 336 | partitioned in multiple so called "Flash Regions" containing the host firmware, |
| 337 | the ME firmware and so on respectively. The flash descriptor can also specify up |
| 338 | to 5 so called "Protected Regions", which are freely chosen address ranges |
| 339 | independent from the aforementioned "Flash Regions". All of them can be write |
| 340 | and/or read protected individually. If flashrom detects such a lock it will |
| 341 | disable write support unless the user forces it with the |
| 342 | .sp |
| 343 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:ich_spi_force=yes" |
| 344 | .sp |
| 345 | syntax. If this leads to erase or write accesses to the flash it would most |
| 346 | probably bring it into an inconsistent and unbootable state and we will not |
| 347 | provide any support in such a case. |
| 348 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 46fa068 | 2011-07-25 22:44:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 349 | If you have an Intel chipset with an ICH6 or later southbridge and if you want |
| 350 | to set specific IDSEL values for a non-default flash chip or an embedded |
| 351 | controller (EC), you can use the |
| 352 | .sp |
| 353 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:fwh_idsel=value" |
| 354 | .sp |
| 355 | syntax where value is the 48-bit hexadecimal raw value to be written in the |
| 356 | IDSEL registers of the Intel southbridge. The upper 32 bits use one hex digit |
| 357 | each per 512 kB range between 0xffc00000 and 0xffffffff, and the lower 16 bits |
| 358 | use one hex digit each per 1024 kB range between 0xff400000 and 0xff7fffff. |
| 359 | The rightmost hex digit corresponds with the lowest address range. All address |
| 360 | ranges have a corresponding sister range 4 MB below with identical IDSEL |
| 361 | settings. The default value for ICH7 is given in the example below. |
| 362 | .sp |
| 363 | Example: |
| 364 | .B "flashrom \-p internal:fwh_idsel=0x001122334567" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 365 | .TP |
| 366 | .B Laptops |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 46fa068 | 2011-07-25 22:44:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 367 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 368 | Using flashrom on laptops is dangerous and may easily make your hardware |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 369 | unusable (see also the |
| 370 | .B BUGS |
| 371 | section). The embedded controller (EC) in these |
| 372 | machines often interacts badly with flashing. |
| 373 | .B http://www.flashrom.org/Laptops |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 374 | has more information. For example the EC firmware sometimes resides on the same |
| 375 | flash chip as the host firmware. While flashrom tries to change the contents of |
| 376 | that memory the EC might need to fetch new instructions or data from it and |
| 377 | could stop working correctly. Probing for and reading from the chip may also |
| 378 | irritate your EC and cause fan failure, backlight failure, sudden poweroff, and |
| 379 | other nasty effects. flashrom will attempt to detect if it is running on a |
| 380 | laptop and abort immediately for safety reasons if it clearly identifies the |
| 381 | host computer as one. If you want to proceed anyway at your own risk, use |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 382 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 383 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:laptop=force_I_want_a_brick" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 384 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 385 | We will not help you if you force flashing on a laptop because this is a really |
| 386 | dumb idea. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 387 | .sp |
| 388 | You have been warned. |
| 389 | .sp |
| 390 | Currently we rely on the chassis type encoded in the DMI/SMBIOS data to detect |
| 391 | laptops. Some vendors did not implement those bits correctly or set them to |
| 392 | generic and/or dummy values. flashrom will then issue a warning and bail out |
| 393 | like above. In this case you can use |
| 394 | .sp |
| 395 | .B " flashrom \-p internal:laptop=this_is_not_a_laptop" |
| 396 | .sp |
| 397 | to tell flashrom (at your own risk) that it does not running on a laptop. |
| 398 | .SS |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 399 | .BR "dummy " programmer |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 400 | The dummy programmer operates on a buffer in memory only. It provides a safe |
| 401 | and fast way to test various aspects of flashrom and is mainly used in |
| 402 | development and while debugging. |
| 403 | .sp |
| 404 | It is able to emulate some chips to a certain degree (basic |
| 405 | identify/read/erase/write operations work). |
| 406 | .sp |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 407 | An optional parameter specifies the bus types it |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3504b53 | 2009-06-01 00:02:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 408 | should support. For that you have to use the |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 409 | .sp |
| 410 | .B " flashrom \-p dummy:bus=[type[+type[+type]]]" |
| 411 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3504b53 | 2009-06-01 00:02:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 412 | syntax where |
| 413 | .B type |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 414 | can be |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 415 | .BR parallel ", " lpc ", " fwh ", " spi |
| 416 | in any order. If you specify bus without type, all buses will be disabled. |
| 417 | If you do not specify bus, all buses will be enabled. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3504b53 | 2009-06-01 00:02:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 418 | .sp |
| 419 | Example: |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 420 | .B "flashrom \-p dummy:bus=lpc+fwh" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 421 | .sp |
| 422 | The dummy programmer supports flash chip emulation for automated self-tests |
| 423 | without hardware access. If you want to emulate a flash chip, use the |
| 424 | .sp |
| 425 | .B " flashrom \-p dummy:emulate=chip" |
| 426 | .sp |
| 427 | syntax where |
| 428 | .B chip |
| 429 | is one of the following chips (please specify only the chip name, not the |
| 430 | vendor): |
| 431 | .sp |
| 432 | .RB "* ST " M25P10.RES " SPI flash chip (RES, page write)" |
| 433 | .sp |
| 434 | .RB "* SST " SST25VF040.REMS " SPI flash chip (REMS, byte write)" |
| 435 | .sp |
| 436 | .RB "* SST " SST25VF032B " SPI flash chip (RDID, AAI write)" |
| 437 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 0b9df97 | 2012-05-07 22:12:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 438 | .RB "* Macronix " MX25L6436 " SPI flash chip (RDID, SFDP)" |
| 439 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 440 | Example: |
| 441 | .B "flashrom -p dummy:emulate=SST25VF040.REMS" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 442 | .TP |
| 443 | .B Persistent images |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 444 | .sp |
| 445 | If you use flash chip emulation, flash image persistence is available as well |
| 446 | by using the |
| 447 | .sp |
| 448 | .B " flashrom \-p dummy:emulate=chip,image=image.rom" |
| 449 | .sp |
| 450 | syntax where |
| 451 | .B image.rom |
| 452 | is the file where the simulated chip contents are read on flashrom startup and |
| 453 | where the chip contents on flashrom shutdown are written to. |
| 454 | .sp |
| 455 | Example: |
| 456 | .B "flashrom -p dummy:emulate=M25P10.RES,image=dummy.bin" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 457 | .TP |
| 458 | .B SPI write chunk size |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 459 | .sp |
| 460 | If you use SPI flash chip emulation for a chip which supports SPI page write |
| 461 | with the default opcode, you can set the maximum allowed write chunk size with |
| 462 | the |
| 463 | .sp |
| 464 | .B " flashrom \-p dummy:emulate=chip,spi_write_256_chunksize=size" |
| 465 | .sp |
| 466 | syntax where |
| 467 | .B size |
| 468 | is the number of bytes (min. 1, max. 256). |
| 469 | .sp |
| 470 | Example: |
| 471 | .sp |
| 472 | .B " flashrom -p dummy:emulate=M25P10.RES,spi_write_256_chunksize=5" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 473 | .TP |
| 474 | .B SPI blacklist |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 1b83be5 | 2012-02-08 23:28:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 475 | .sp |
| 476 | To simulate a programmer which refuses to send certain SPI commands to the |
| 477 | flash chip, you can specify a blacklist of SPI commands with the |
| 478 | .sp |
| 479 | .B " flashrom -p dummy:spi_blacklist=commandlist" |
| 480 | .sp |
| 481 | syntax where commandlist is a list of two-digit hexadecimal representations of |
| 482 | SPI commands. If commandlist is e.g. 0302, flashrom will behave as if the SPI |
| 483 | controller refuses to run command 0x03 (READ) and command 0x02 (WRITE). |
| 484 | commandlist may be up to 512 characters (256 commands) long. |
| 485 | Implementation note: flashrom will detect an error during command execution. |
| 486 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 487 | .TP |
| 488 | .B SPI ignorelist |
| 489 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 1b83be5 | 2012-02-08 23:28:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 490 | To simulate a flash chip which ignores (doesn't support) certain SPI commands, |
| 491 | you can specify an ignorelist of SPI commands with the |
| 492 | .sp |
| 493 | .B " flashrom -p dummy:spi_ignorelist=commandlist" |
| 494 | .sp |
| 495 | syntax where commandlist is a list of two-digit hexadecimal representations of |
| 496 | SPI commands. If commandlist is e.g. 0302, the emulated flash chip will ignore |
| 497 | command 0x03 (READ) and command 0x02 (WRITE). commandlist may be up to 512 |
| 498 | characters (256 commands) long. |
| 499 | Implementation note: flashrom won't detect an error during command execution. |
Stefan Tauner | 5e695ab | 2012-05-06 17:03:40 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 500 | .sp |
| 501 | .TP |
| 502 | .B SPI status register |
| 503 | .sp |
| 504 | You can specify the initial content of the chip's status register with the |
| 505 | .sp |
| 506 | .B " flashrom -p dummy:spi_status=content" |
| 507 | .sp |
| 508 | syntax where content is an 8-bit hexadecimal value. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 509 | .SS |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 510 | .BR "nic3com" , " nicrealtek" , " nicsmc1211" , " nicnatsemi" , " nicintel\ |
| 511 | " , " nicintel_spi" , " gfxnvidia" , " ogp_spi" , " drkaiser" , " satasii\ |
| 512 | " , " satamv" ", and " atahpt " programmers |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 513 | These programmers have an option to specify the PCI address of the card |
| 514 | your want to use, which must be specified if more than one card supported |
| 515 | by the selected programmer is installed in your system. The syntax is |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 516 | .sp |
| 517 | .BR " flashrom \-p xxxx:pci=bb:dd.f" , |
| 518 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 519 | where |
Uwe Hermann | c7e8a0c | 2009-05-19 14:14:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 520 | .B xxxx |
| 521 | is the name of the programmer |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 522 | .B bb |
| 523 | is the PCI bus number, |
| 524 | .B dd |
| 525 | is the PCI device number, and |
| 526 | .B f |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 527 | is the PCI function number of the desired device. |
Uwe Hermann | 530cb2d | 2009-05-14 22:58:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 528 | .sp |
| 529 | Example: |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 530 | .B "flashrom \-p nic3com:pci=05:04.0" |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 531 | .SS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 7112772 | 2010-05-31 15:27:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 532 | .BR "ft2232_spi " programmer |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 533 | An optional parameter specifies the controller |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | dfade10 | 2009-08-18 23:51:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 534 | type and interface/port it should support. For that you have to use the |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 535 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 536 | .B " flashrom \-p ft2232_spi:type=model,port=interface" |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 537 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | feea272 | 2009-07-01 00:02:23 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 538 | syntax where |
| 539 | .B model |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 540 | can be |
Steve Markgraf | 0528b7f | 2011-08-12 01:19:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 541 | .BR 2232H ", " 4232H ", " jtagkey ", " busblaster ", " openmoko ", " \ |
Uwe Hermann | 836b26a | 2011-10-14 20:33:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 542 | arm-usb-tiny ", " arm-usb-tiny-h ", " arm-usb-ocd ", " arm-usb-ocd-h \ |
Samir Ibradžić | 7189a5f | 2011-10-20 23:14:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 543 | ", " tumpa ", or " picotap |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | feea272 | 2009-07-01 00:02:23 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 544 | and |
| 545 | .B interface |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 546 | can be |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 547 | .BR A ", or " B . |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | feea272 | 2009-07-01 00:02:23 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 548 | The default model is |
| 549 | .B 4232H |
| 550 | and the default interface is |
| 551 | .BR B . |
Samir Ibradžić | b482c6d | 2012-05-15 22:58:19 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 552 | .sp |
| 553 | All models supported by the ft2232_spi driver can configure the SPI clock rate by setting a divisor. The |
| 554 | expressible divisors are all even numbers between 2 and 2^17 (=131072) resulting in SPI clock frequencies of |
| 555 | 6 MHz down to about 92 Hz for 12 MHz inputs. The default divisor is set to 2, but you can use another one by |
| 556 | specifying the optional |
| 557 | .B divisor |
| 558 | parameter with the |
| 559 | .sp |
| 560 | .B " flashrom \-p ft2232_spi:divisor=div" |
| 561 | .sp |
| 562 | syntax. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 563 | .SS |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 564 | .BR "serprog " programmer |
| 565 | A mandatory parameter specifies either a serial |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | dfade10 | 2009-08-18 23:51:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 566 | device/baud combination or an IP/port combination for communication with the |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 567 | programmer. In the device/baud combination, the device has to start with a |
| 568 | slash. For serial, you have to use the |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 569 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 570 | .B " flashrom \-p serprog:dev=/dev/device:baud" |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 571 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | dfade10 | 2009-08-18 23:51:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 572 | syntax and for IP, you have to use |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 573 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 744132a | 2010-07-06 09:55:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 574 | .B " flashrom \-p serprog:ip=ipaddr:port" |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 575 | .sp |
| 576 | instead. More information about serprog is available in |
| 577 | .B serprog-protocol.txt |
| 578 | in the source distribution. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 579 | .SS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 7112772 | 2010-05-31 15:27:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 580 | .BR "buspirate_spi " programmer |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 581 | A required |
| 582 | .B dev |
| 583 | parameter specifies the Bus Pirate device node and an optional |
| 584 | .B spispeed |
| 585 | parameter specifies the frequency of the SPI bus. The parameter |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 586 | delimiter is a comma. Syntax is |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | dfade10 | 2009-08-18 23:51:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 587 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 588 | .B " flashrom \-p buspirate_spi:dev=/dev/device,spispeed=frequency" |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 589 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | d5b28fa | 2009-11-24 18:27:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 590 | where |
| 591 | .B frequency |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | can be |
| 593 | .BR 30k ", " 125k ", " 250k ", " 1M ", " 2M ", " 2.6M ", " 4M " or " 8M |
Michael Karcher | e5eafb2 | 2010-03-07 12:11:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 594 | (in Hz). The default is the maximum frequency of 8 MHz. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 595 | .SS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 596 | .BR "dediprog " programmer |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | c244138 | 2010-11-09 22:00:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 597 | An optional |
| 598 | .B voltage |
| 599 | parameter specifies the voltage the Dediprog should use. The default unit is |
| 600 | Volt if no unit is specified. You can use |
| 601 | .BR mV ", " milliVolt ", " V " or " Volt |
| 602 | as unit specifier. Syntax is |
| 603 | .sp |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 604 | .B " flashrom \-p dediprog:voltage=value" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | c244138 | 2010-11-09 22:00:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 605 | .sp |
| 606 | where |
| 607 | .B value |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 608 | can be |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | c244138 | 2010-11-09 22:00:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 609 | .BR 0V ", " 1.8V ", " 2.5V ", " 3.5V |
| 610 | or the equivalent in mV. |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 611 | .SS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | e7fdd6e | 2010-07-21 10:26:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 612 | .BR "rayer_spi " programmer |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 37c4252 | 2010-10-05 19:19:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 613 | The default I/O base address used for the parallel port is 0x378 and you can use |
| 614 | the optional |
| 615 | .B iobase |
| 616 | parameter to specify an alternate base I/O address with the |
| 617 | .sp |
| 618 | .B " flashrom \-p rayer_spi:iobase=baseaddr" |
| 619 | .sp |
| 620 | syntax where |
| 621 | .B baseaddr |
| 622 | is base I/O port address of the parallel port, which must be a multiple of |
| 623 | four. Make sure to not forget the "0x" prefix for hexadecimal port addresses. |
| 624 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ae418d8 | 2011-09-12 06:17:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 625 | The default cable type is the RayeR cable. You can use the optional |
| 626 | .B type |
| 627 | parameter to specify the cable type with the |
| 628 | .sp |
| 629 | .B " flashrom \-p rayer_spi:type=model" |
| 630 | .sp |
| 631 | syntax where |
| 632 | .B model |
| 633 | can be |
| 634 | .BR rayer " for the RayeR cable or " xilinx " for the Xilinx Parallel Cable III |
| 635 | (DLC 5). |
| 636 | .sp |
| 637 | More information about the RayeR hardware is available at |
| 638 | .BR "http://rayer.ic.cz/elektro/spipgm.htm " . |
| 639 | The schematic of the Xilinx DLC 5 was published at |
| 640 | .BR "http://www.xilinx.com/itp/xilinx4/data/docs/pac/appendixb.html " . |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 641 | .SS |
Michael Karcher | e544939 | 2012-05-05 20:53:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 642 | .BR "pony_spi " programmer |
| 643 | The serial port (like /dev/ttyS0, /dev/ttyUSB0 on Linux or COM3 on windows) is |
| 644 | specified using the mandatory |
| 645 | .B dev |
| 646 | parameter. The adapter type is selectable between SI-Prog (used for |
| 647 | SPI devices with PonyProg 2000) or a custom made serial bitbanging programmer |
| 648 | named "serbang". The optional |
| 649 | .B type |
| 650 | parameter accepts the values "si_prog" (default) or "serbang". |
| 651 | .sp |
| 652 | Information about the SI-Prog adapter can be found at |
| 653 | .BR "http://www.lancos.com/siprogsch.html " . |
| 654 | .sp |
| 655 | An example call to flashrom is |
| 656 | .sp |
| 657 | .B " flashrom \-p pony_spi:dev=/dev/ttyS0,type=serbang" |
| 658 | .sp |
| 659 | Please note that while USB-to-serial adapters work under certain circumstances, |
| 660 | this slows down operation considerably. |
| 661 | .SS |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 662 | .BR "ogp_spi " programmer |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 663 | The flash ROM chip to access must be specified with the |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 664 | .B rom |
| 665 | parameter. |
| 666 | .sp |
| 667 | .B " flashrom \-p ogp_spi:rom=name" |
| 668 | .sp |
| 669 | Where |
| 670 | .B name |
| 671 | is either |
| 672 | .B cprom |
| 673 | or |
| 674 | .B s3 |
| 675 | for the configuration ROM and |
| 676 | .B bprom |
| 677 | or |
| 678 | .B bios |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 679 | for the BIOS ROM. If more than one card supported by the ogp_spi programmer |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 680 | is installed in your system, you have to specify the PCI address of the card |
| 681 | you want to use with the |
| 682 | .B pci= |
| 683 | parameter as explained in the |
| 684 | .B nic3com |
| 685 | section above. |
| 686 | .sp |
| 687 | More information about the hardware is available at |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 688 | .BR http://wiki.opengraphics.org . |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8541d23 | 2012-02-16 21:00:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 689 | .SS |
| 690 | .BR "linux_spi " programmer |
| 691 | You have to specify the SPI controller to use with the |
| 692 | .sp |
| 693 | .B " flashrom \-p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidevX.Y" |
| 694 | .sp |
| 695 | syntax where |
| 696 | .B /dev/spidevX.Y |
| 697 | is the Linux device node for your SPI controller. |
| 698 | .sp |
| 699 | Please note that the linux_spi driver only works on Linux. |
Peter Stuge | 42688e5 | 2009-01-26 02:20:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 700 | .SH EXIT STATUS |
| 701 | flashrom exits with 0 on success, 1 on most failures but with 2 if /dev/mem |
| 702 | (/dev/xsvc on Solaris) can not be opened and with 3 if a call to mmap() fails. |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 703 | .SH REQUIREMENTS |
| 704 | flashrom needs different access permissions for different programmers. |
| 705 | .sp |
| 706 | .B internal |
| 707 | needs raw memory access, PCI configuration space access, raw I/O port |
| 708 | access (x86) and MSR access (x86). |
| 709 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 710 | .BR nic3com ", " nicrealtek ", " nicsmc1211 " and " nicnatsemi " |
| 711 | need PCI configuration space read access and raw I/O port access. |
| 712 | .sp |
| 713 | .B atahpt |
| 714 | needs PCI configuration space access and raw I/O port access. |
| 715 | .sp |
| 716 | .BR gfxnvidia " and " drkaiser |
| 717 | need PCI configuration space access and raw memory access. |
| 718 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | e7fdd6e | 2010-07-21 10:26:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 719 | .B rayer_spi |
| 720 | needs raw I/O port access. |
| 721 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 722 | .B satasii |
| 723 | needs PCI configuration space read access and raw memory access. |
| 724 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 725 | .B satamv |
| 726 | needs PCI configuration space read access, raw I/O port access and raw memory |
| 727 | access. |
| 728 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 729 | .B serprog |
| 730 | needs TCP access to the network or userspace access to a serial port. |
| 731 | .sp |
| 732 | .B buspirate_spi |
| 733 | needs userspace access to a serial port. |
| 734 | .sp |
| 735 | .BR dediprog " and " ft2232_spi |
| 736 | need access to the USB device via libusb. |
| 737 | .sp |
| 738 | .B dummy |
| 739 | needs no access permissions at all. |
| 740 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 9321f06 | 2011-07-24 18:41:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 741 | .BR internal ", " nic3com ", " nicrealtek ", " nicsmc1211 ", " nicnatsemi ", " |
| 742 | .BR gfxnvidia ", " drkaiser ", " satasii ", " satamv " and " atahpt |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 743 | have to be run as superuser/root, and need additional raw access permission. |
| 744 | .sp |
| 745 | .BR serprog ", " buspirate_spi ", " dediprog " and " ft2232_spi |
| 746 | can be run as normal user on most operating systems if appropriate device |
| 747 | permissions are set. |
| 748 | .sp |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 749 | .B ogp |
| 750 | needs PCI configuration space read access and raw memory access. |
| 751 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | b63b067 | 2010-07-02 17:12:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 752 | On OpenBSD, you can obtain raw access permission by setting |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 753 | .B "securelevel=-1" |
| 754 | in |
| 755 | .B "/etc/rc.securelevel" |
| 756 | and rebooting, or rebooting into single user mode. |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 757 | .SH BUGS |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 758 | Please report any bugs to the flashrom mailing list at |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 759 | .B "<flashrom@flashrom.org>" |
| 760 | .sp |
| 761 | We recommend to subscribe first at |
Uwe Hermann | 9ff514d | 2010-06-07 19:41:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 762 | .sp |
| 763 | .B " http://www.flashrom.org/mailman/listinfo/flashrom" |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 764 | .sp |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 765 | Many of the developers communicate via the |
| 766 | .B "#flashrom" |
| 767 | IRC channel on |
| 768 | .BR chat.freenode.net . |
| 769 | You are welcome to join and ask questions, send us bug and success reports there |
| 770 | too. Please provide a way to contact you later (e.g. a mail address) and be |
| 771 | patient if there is no immediate reaction. Also, we provide a pastebin service |
| 772 | at |
| 773 | .B http://paste.flashrom.org |
| 774 | that is very useful when you want to share logs etc. without spamming the |
| 775 | channel. |
| 776 | .SS |
| 777 | .B Laptops |
| 778 | .sp |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 2702376 | 2010-04-28 15:22:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 779 | Using flashrom on laptops is dangerous and may easily make your hardware |
Stefan Tauner | 9e9f684 | 2012-02-16 20:55:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 780 | unusable. flashrom will attempt to detect if it is running on a laptop and abort |
| 781 | immediately for safety reasons. Please see the detailed discussion of this topic |
| 782 | and associated flashrom options in the |
| 783 | .B Laptops |
| 784 | paragraph in the |
| 785 | .B internal programmer |
| 786 | subsection of the |
| 787 | .B PROGRAMMER SPECIFIC INFO |
| 788 | section. |
Uwe Hermann | 941a273 | 2011-07-25 21:12:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 789 | .B " http://www.flashrom.org/Laptops" |
Daniel Lenski | 65922a3 | 2012-02-15 23:40:23 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 790 | .SS |
| 791 | One-time programmable (OTP) memory and unique IDs |
| 792 | .sp |
| 793 | Some flash chips contain OTP memory often denoted as "security registers". |
| 794 | They usually have a capacity in the range of some bytes to a few hundred |
| 795 | bytes and can be used to give devices unique IDs etc. flashrom is not able |
| 796 | to read or write these memories and may therefore not be able to duplicate a |
| 797 | chip completely. For chip types known to include OTP memories a warning is |
| 798 | printed when they are detected. |
| 799 | .sp |
| 800 | Similar to OTP memories are unique, factory programmed, unforgeable IDs. |
| 801 | They are not modifiable by the user at all. |
Stefan Tauner | ac54fbe | 2011-07-21 19:52:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 802 | .SH LICENSE |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 803 | .B flashrom |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 804 | is covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. Some files are |
| 805 | additionally available under the GPL (version 2, or any later version). |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 806 | .SH COPYRIGHT |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 807 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 808 | Please see the individual files. |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 809 | .SH AUTHORS |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 810 | Andrew Morgan |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 811 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 812 | Carl-Daniel Hailfinger |
| 813 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 814 | Claus Gindhart |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 815 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 816 | David Borg |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 817 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 818 | David Hendricks |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 819 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 820 | Dominik Geyer |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 821 | .br |
Stefan Reinauer | edc6188 | 2010-01-03 14:40:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 822 | Eric Biederman |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 823 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 824 | Giampiero Giancipoli |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 825 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 826 | Helge Wagner |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 827 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 828 | Idwer Vollering |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 829 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 830 | Joe Bao |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 831 | .br |
Stefan Tauner | c0aaf95 | 2011-05-19 02:58:17 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 832 | Joerg Fischer |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 833 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 834 | Joshua Roys |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 835 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 836 | Luc Verhaegen |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 837 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 451dc80 | 2009-05-01 11:00:39 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 838 | Li-Ta Lo |
| 839 | .br |
Mark Marshall | 90021f2 | 2010-12-03 14:48:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 840 | Mark Marshall |
| 841 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 842 | Markus Boas |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 843 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 844 | Mattias Mattsson |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 845 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 846 | Michael Karcher |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 847 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 848 | Nikolay Petukhov |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 849 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 850 | Patrick Georgi |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 851 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 852 | Peter Lemenkov |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 853 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 854 | Peter Stuge |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 855 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 856 | Reinder E.N. de Haan |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 857 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 858 | Ronald G. Minnich |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 859 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 860 | Ronald Hoogenboom |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 861 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 862 | Sean Nelson |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 8841d3e | 2010-05-15 15:04:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 863 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 864 | Stefan Reinauer |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 865 | .br |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 866 | Stefan Tauner |
| 867 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 868 | Stefan Wildemann |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 869 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 870 | Stephan Guilloux |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 3e85442 | 2010-10-06 23:03:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 871 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 872 | Steven James |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 873 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 874 | Uwe Hermann |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 875 | .br |
Stefan Reinauer | edc6188 | 2010-01-03 14:40:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 876 | Wang Qingpei |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | 851ecf2 | 2009-01-08 04:56:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 877 | .br |
Stefan Reinauer | edc6188 | 2010-01-03 14:40:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 878 | Yinghai Lu |
Stefan Reinauer | f8337dd | 2006-08-03 10:49:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 879 | .br |
Carl-Daniel Hailfinger | ef69783 | 2010-10-07 22:21:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 880 | some others, please see the flashrom svn changelog for details. |
| 881 | .br |
Uwe Hermann | 68b9cca | 2011-06-15 23:44:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 882 | All authors can be reached via email at <flashrom@flashrom.org>. |
Stefan Reinauer | 261144c | 2006-07-27 23:29:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 883 | .PP |
Stefan Tauner | ac54fbe | 2011-07-21 19:52:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 884 | This manual page was written by Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>, |
| 885 | Carl-Daniel Hailfinger and others. |
Uwe Hermann | 42eb17f | 2008-01-18 17:48:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 886 | It is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL (version 2 or later). |