libflashrom.c - flashprog - Gitiles

 /*
  * This file is part of the flashrom project.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012, 2016 secunet Security Networks AG
  * (Written by Nico Huber <nico.huber@secunet.com> for secunet)
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  * (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  */
 /**
  * @mainpage
  *
  * Have a look at the Modules section for a function reference.
  */

 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>

 #include "flash.h"
 #include "fmap.h"
 #include "programmer.h"
 #include "layout.h"
 #include "hwaccess.h"
 #include "ich_descriptors.h"
 #include "libflashrom.h"
 #include "writeprotect.h"

 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-general General
  * @{
  */

 /** Pointer to log callback function. */
 static flashrom_log_callback *global_log_callback = NULL;

 /**
  * @brief Initialize libflashrom.
  *
  * @param perform_selfcheck If not zero, perform a self check.
  * @return 0 on success
  */
 int flashrom_init(const int perform_selfcheck)
 {
 	if (perform_selfcheck && selfcheck())
 		return 1;
 	myusec_calibrate_delay();
 	return 0;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Shut down libflashrom.
  * @return 0 on success
  */
 int flashrom_shutdown(void)
 {
 	return 0; /* TODO: nothing to do? */
 }

 /* TODO: flashrom_set_loglevel()? do we need it?
          For now, let the user decide in his callback. */

 /**
  * @brief Set the log callback function.
  *
  * Set a callback function which will be invoked whenever libflashrom wants
  * to output messages. This allows frontends to do whatever they see fit with
  * such messages, e.g. write them to syslog, or to file, or print them in a
  * GUI window, etc.
  *
  * @param log_callback Pointer to the new log callback function.
  */
 void flashrom_set_log_callback(flashrom_log_callback *const log_callback)
 {
 	global_log_callback = log_callback;
 }
 /** @private */
 int print(const enum flashrom_log_level level, const char *const fmt, ...)
 {
 	if (global_log_callback) {
 		int ret;
 		va_list args;
 		va_start(args, fmt);
 		ret = global_log_callback(level, fmt, args);
 		va_end(args);
 		return ret;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }

 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-general */


 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-query Querying
  * @{
  */

 /* TBD */

 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-query */


 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-prog Programmers
  * @{
  */

 /**
  * @brief Initialize the specified programmer.
  *
  * Currently, only one programmer may be initialized at a time.
  *
  * @param[out] flashprog Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_programmer
  *                       that will be set if programmer initialization succeeds.
  *                       *flashprog has to be shutdown by the caller with @ref
  *                       flashrom_programmer_shutdown.
  * @param[in] prog_name Name of the programmer to initialize.
  * @param[in] prog_param Pointer to programmer specific parameters.
  * @return 0 on success
  */
 int flashrom_programmer_init(struct flashrom_programmer **const flashprog,
 			     const char *const prog_name, const char *const prog_param)
 {
 	unsigned prog;

 	for (prog = 0; prog < PROGRAMMER_INVALID; prog++) {
 		if (strcmp(prog_name, programmer_table[prog].name) == 0)
 			break;
 	}
 	if (prog >= PROGRAMMER_INVALID) {
 		msg_ginfo("Error: Unknown programmer \"%s\". Valid choices are:\n", prog_name);
 		list_programmers_linebreak(0, 80, 0);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return programmer_init(prog, prog_param);
 }

 /**
  * @brief Shut down the initialized programmer.
  *
  * @param flashprog The programmer to shut down.
  * @return 0 on success
  */
 int flashrom_programmer_shutdown(struct flashrom_programmer *const flashprog)
 {
 	return programmer_shutdown();
 }

 /* TODO: flashrom_programmer_capabilities()? */

 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-prog */


 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-flash Flash chips
  * @{
  */

 /**
  * @brief Probe for a flash chip.
  *
  * Probes for a flash chip and returns a flash context, that can be used
  * later with flash chip and @ref flashrom-ops "image operations", if
  * exactly one matching chip is found.
  *
  * @param[out] flashctx Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_flashctx
  *                      that will be set if exactly one chip is found. *flashctx
  *                      has to be freed by the caller with @ref flashrom_flash_release.
  * @param[in] flashprog The flash programmer used to access the chip.
  * @param[in] chip_name Name of a chip to probe for, or NULL to probe for
  *                      all known chips.
  * @return 0 on success,
  *         3 if multiple chips were found,
  *         2 if no chip was found,
  *         or 1 on any other error.
  */
 int flashrom_flash_probe(struct flashrom_flashctx **const flashctx,
 			 const struct flashrom_programmer *const flashprog,
 			 const char *const chip_name)
 {
 	int i, ret = 2;
 	struct flashrom_flashctx second_flashctx = { 0, };

 	chip_to_probe = chip_name; /* chip_to_probe is global in flashrom.c */

 	*flashctx = malloc(sizeof(**flashctx));
 	if (!*flashctx)
 		return 1;
 	memset(*flashctx, 0, sizeof(**flashctx));

 	for (i = 0; i < registered_master_count; ++i) {
 		int flash_idx = -1;
 		if (!ret || (flash_idx = probe_flash(&registered_masters[i], 0, *flashctx, 0)) != -1) {
 			ret = 0;
 			/* We found one chip, now check that there is no second match. */
 			if (probe_flash(&registered_masters[i], flash_idx + 1, &second_flashctx, 0) != -1) {
 				ret = 3;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	if (ret) {
 		free(*flashctx);
 		*flashctx = NULL;
 	}
 	return ret;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Returns the size of the specified flash chip in bytes.
  *
  * @param flashctx The queried flash context.
  * @return Size of flash chip in bytes.
  */
 size_t flashrom_flash_getsize(const struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx)
 {
 	return flashctx->chip->total_size * 1024;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Free a flash context.
  *
  * @param flashctx Flash context to free.
  */
 void flashrom_flash_release(struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx)
 {
 	free(flashctx);
 }

 /**
  * @brief Set a flag in the given flash context.
  *
  * @param flashctx Flash context to alter.
  * @param flag	   Flag that is to be set / cleared.
  * @param value	   Value to set.
  */
 void flashrom_flag_set(struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx,
 		       const enum flashrom_flag flag, const bool value)
 {
 	switch (flag) {
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE:		flashctx->flags.force = value; break;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE_BOARDMISMATCH:	flashctx->flags.force_boardmismatch = value; break;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_AFTER_WRITE:	flashctx->flags.verify_after_write = value; break;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_WHOLE_CHIP:	flashctx->flags.verify_whole_chip = value; break;
 	}
 }

 /**
  * @brief Return the current value of a flag in the given flash context.
  *
  * @param flashctx Flash context to read from.
  * @param flag	   Flag to be read.
  * @return Current value of the flag.
  */
 bool flashrom_flag_get(const struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx, const enum flashrom_flag flag)
 {
 	switch (flag) {
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE:		return flashctx->flags.force;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE_BOARDMISMATCH:	return flashctx->flags.force_boardmismatch;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_AFTER_WRITE:	return flashctx->flags.verify_after_write;
 		case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_WHOLE_CHIP:	return flashctx->flags.verify_whole_chip;
 		default:				return false;
 	}
 }

 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-flash */


 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-layout Layout handling
  * @{
  */

 /**
  * @brief Read a layout from the Intel ICH descriptor in the flash.
  *
  * Optionally verify that the layout matches the one in the given
  * descriptor dump.
  *
  * @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
  *                    gets set if the descriptor is read and parsed
  *                    successfully.
  * @param[in] flashctx Flash context to read the descriptor from flash.
  * @param[in] dump     The descriptor dump to compare to or NULL.
  * @param[in] len      The length of the descriptor dump.
  *
  * @return 0 on success,
  *         6 if descriptor parsing isn't implemented for the host,
  *         5 if the descriptors don't match,
  *         4 if the descriptor dump couldn't be parsed,
  *         3 if the descriptor on flash couldn't be parsed,
  *         2 if the descriptor on flash couldn't be read,
  *         1 on any other error.
  */
 int flashrom_layout_read_from_ifd(struct flashrom_layout **const layout, struct flashctx *const flashctx,
 				  const void *const dump, const size_t len)
 {
 #ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
 	return 6;
 #else
 	struct ich_layout dump_layout;
 	int ret = 1;

 	void *const desc = malloc(0x1000);
 	struct ich_layout *const chip_layout = malloc(sizeof(*chip_layout));
 	if (!desc || !chip_layout) {
 		msg_gerr("Out of memory!\n");
 		goto _free_ret;
 	}

 	if (prepare_flash_access(flashctx, true, false, false, false))
 		goto _free_ret;

 	msg_cinfo("Reading ich descriptor... ");
 	if (flashctx->chip->read(flashctx, desc, 0, 0x1000)) {
 		msg_cerr("Read operation failed!\n");
 		msg_cinfo("FAILED.\n");
 		ret = 2;
 		goto _finalize_ret;
 	}
 	msg_cinfo("done.\n");

 	if (layout_from_ich_descriptors(chip_layout, desc, 0x1000)) {
 		msg_cerr("Couldn't parse the descriptor!\n");
 		ret = 3;
 		goto _finalize_ret;
 	}

 	if (dump) {
 		if (layout_from_ich_descriptors(&dump_layout, dump, len)) {
 			msg_cerr("Couldn't parse the descriptor!\n");
 			ret = 4;
 			goto _finalize_ret;
 		}

 		if (chip_layout->base.num_entries != dump_layout.base.num_entries ||
 		    memcmp(chip_layout->entries, dump_layout.entries, sizeof(dump_layout.entries))) {
 			msg_cerr("Descriptors don't match!\n");
 			ret = 5;
 			goto _finalize_ret;
 		}
 	}

 	*layout = (struct flashrom_layout *)chip_layout;
 	ret = 0;

 _finalize_ret:
 	finalize_flash_access(flashctx);
 _free_ret:
 	if (ret)
 		free(chip_layout);
 	free(desc);
 	return ret;
 #endif
 }

 #ifdef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
 static int flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(struct flashrom_layout **layout,
 		struct flashctx *const flashctx, const struct fmap *const fmap)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct flashrom_layout *l = get_global_layout();

 	if (!fmap || !l)
 		return 1;

 	if (l->num_entries + fmap->nareas > MAX_ROMLAYOUT) {
 		msg_gerr("Cannot add fmap entries to layout - Too many entries.\n");
 		return 1;
 	}

 	for (i = 0; i < fmap->nareas; i++) {
 		l->entries[l->num_entries].start = fmap->areas[i].offset;
 		l->entries[l->num_entries].end = fmap->areas[i].offset + fmap->areas[i].size - 1;
 		l->entries[l->num_entries].included = false;
 		l->entries[l->num_entries].name =
 			strndup((const char *)fmap->areas[i].name, FMAP_STRLEN);
 		if (!l->entries[l->num_entries].name) {
 			msg_gerr("Error adding layout entry: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 			return 1;
 		}
 		msg_gdbg("fmap %08x - %08x named %s\n",
 			l->entries[l->num_entries].start,
 			l->entries[l->num_entries].end,
 			l->entries[l->num_entries].name);
 		l->num_entries++;
 	}

 	*layout = l;
 	return 0;
 }
 #endif /* __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ */

 /**
  * @brief Read a layout by searching the flash chip for fmap.
  *
  * @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
  *                    gets set if the fmap is read and parsed successfully.
  * @param[in] flashctx Flash context
  * @param[in] offset Offset to begin searching for fmap.
  * @param[in] offset Length of address space to search.
  *
  * @return 0 on success,
  *         3 if fmap parsing isn't implemented for the host,
  *         2 if the fmap couldn't be read,
  *         1 on any other error.
  */
 int flashrom_layout_read_fmap_from_rom(struct flashrom_layout **const layout,
 		struct flashctx *const flashctx, off_t offset, size_t len)
 {
 #ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
 	return 3;
 #else
 	struct fmap *fmap = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;

 	msg_gdbg("Attempting to read fmap from ROM content.\n");
 	if (fmap_read_from_rom(&fmap, flashctx, offset, len)) {
 		msg_gerr("Failed to read fmap from ROM.\n");
 		return 1;
 	}

 	msg_gdbg("Adding fmap layout to global layout.\n");
 	if (flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(layout, flashctx, fmap)) {
 		msg_gerr("Failed to add fmap regions to layout.\n");
 		ret = 1;
 	}

 	free(fmap);
 	return ret;
 #endif
 }

 /**
  * @brief Read a layout by searching buffer for fmap.
  *
  * @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
  *                    gets set if the fmap is read and parsed successfully.
  * @param[in] flashctx Flash context
  * @param[in] buffer Buffer to search in
  * @param[in] size Size of buffer to search
  *
  * @return 0 on success,
  *         3 if fmap parsing isn't implemented for the host,
  *         2 if the fmap couldn't be read,
  *         1 on any other error.
  */
 int flashrom_layout_read_fmap_from_buffer(struct flashrom_layout **const layout,
 		struct flashctx *const flashctx, const uint8_t *const buf, size_t size)
 {
 #ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
 	return 3;
 #else
 	struct fmap *fmap = NULL;
 	int ret = 1;

 	if (!buf || !size)
 		goto _ret;

 	msg_gdbg("Attempting to read fmap from buffer.\n");
 	if (fmap_read_from_buffer(&fmap, buf, size)) {
 		msg_gerr("Failed to read fmap from buffer.\n");
 		goto _ret;
 	}

 	msg_gdbg("Adding fmap layout to global layout.\n");
 	if (flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(layout, flashctx, fmap)) {
 		msg_gerr("Failed to add fmap regions to layout.\n");
 		goto _free_ret;
 	}

 	ret = 0;
 _free_ret:
 	free(fmap);
 _ret:
 	return ret;
 #endif
 }

 /**
  * @brief Set the active layout for a flash context.
  *
  * Note: This just sets a pointer. The caller must not release the layout
  *       as long as he uses it through the given flash context.
  *
  * @param flashctx Flash context whose layout will be set.
  * @param layout   Layout to bet set.
  */
 void flashrom_layout_set(struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx, const struct flashrom_layout *const layout)
 {
 	flashctx->layout = layout;
 }

 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-layout */


 /**
  * @defgroup flashrom-wp
  * @{
  */

 /**
  * @brief Create a new empty WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[out] cfg Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_wp_cfg that will
  *                 be set if creation succeeds. *cfg has to be freed by the
  *                 caller with @ref flashrom_wp_cfg_release.
  * @return  0 on success
  *         >0 on failure
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_cfg_new(struct flashrom_wp_cfg **cfg)
 {
 	*cfg = calloc(1, sizeof(**cfg));
 	return *cfg ? 0 : FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Free a WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg to free.
  */
 void flashrom_wp_cfg_release(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
 {
 	free(cfg);
 }

 /**
  * @brief Set the protection mode for a WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[in]  mode The protection mode to set.
  * @param[out] cfg  Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg structure to modify.
  */
 void flashrom_wp_set_mode(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg, enum flashrom_wp_mode mode)
 {
 	cfg->mode = mode;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Get the protection mode from a WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[in] cfg The WP configuration to get the protection mode from.
  * @return        The configuration's protection mode.
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_mode flashrom_wp_get_mode(const struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
 {
 	return cfg->mode;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Set the protection range for a WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[out] cfg   Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg structure to modify.
  * @param[in]  start The range's start address.
  * @param[in]  len   The range's length.
  */
 void flashrom_wp_set_range(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg, size_t start, size_t len)
 {
 	cfg->range.start = start;
 	cfg->range.len = len;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Get the protection range from a WP configuration.
  *
  * @param[out] start Points to a size_t to write the range start to.
  * @param[out] len   Points to a size_t to write the range length to.
  * @param[in]  cfg   The WP configuration to get the range from.
  */
 void flashrom_wp_get_range(size_t *start, size_t *len, const struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
 {
 	*start = cfg->range.start;
 	*len = cfg->range.len;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Write a WP configuration to a flash chip.
  *
  * @param[in] flash The flash context used to access the chip.
  * @param[in] cfg   The WP configuration to write to the chip.
  * @return  0 on success
  *         >0 on failure
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_write_cfg(struct flashctx *flash, const struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
 {
 	/*
 	 * TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
 	 * direct WP operations require SPI access. In particular, linux_mtd
 	 * has its own WP operations we should use instead.
 	 */
 	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
 		return wp_write_cfg(flash, cfg);

 	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Read the current WP configuration from a flash chip.
  *
  * @param[out] cfg   Pointer to a struct flashrom_wp_cfg to store the chip's
  *                   configuration in.
  * @param[in]  flash The flash context used to access the chip.
  * @return  0 on success
  *         >0 on failure
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_read_cfg(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg, struct flashctx *flash)
 {
 	/*
 	 * TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
 	 * direct WP operations require SPI access. In particular, linux_mtd
 	 * has its own WP operations we should use instead.
 	 */
 	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
 		return wp_read_cfg(cfg, flash);

 	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Get a list of protection ranges supported by the flash chip.
  *
  * @param[out] ranges Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_wp_ranges
  *                    that will be set if available ranges are found. Finding
  *                    available ranges may not always be possible, even if the
  *                    chip's protection range can be read or modified. *ranges
  *                    must be freed using @ref flashrom_wp_ranges_free.
  * @param[in] flash   The flash context used to access the chip.
  * @return  0 on success
  *         >0 on failure
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_get_available_ranges(struct flashrom_wp_ranges **list, struct flashrom_flashctx *flash)
 {
 	/*
 	 * TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
 	 * direct WP operations require SPI access. We actually can't implement
 	 * this in linux_mtd right now, but we should adopt a proper generic
 	 * architechure to match the read and write functions anyway.
 	 */
 	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
 		return wp_get_available_ranges(list, flash);

 	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Get a number of protection ranges in a range list.
  *
  * @param[in]  ranges The range list to get the count from.
  * @return Number of ranges in the list.
  */
 size_t flashrom_wp_ranges_get_count(const struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list)
 {
 	return list->count;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Get a protection range from a range list.
  *
  * @param[out] start  Points to a size_t to write the range's start to.
  * @param[out] len    Points to a size_t to write the range's length to.
  * @param[in]  ranges The range list to get the range from.
  * @param[in]  index  Index of the range to get.
  * @return  0 on success
  *         >0 on failure
  */
 enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_ranges_get_range(size_t *start, size_t *len, const struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list, unsigned int index)
 {
 	if (index >= list->count)
 		return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;

 	*start = list->ranges[index].start;
 	*len = list->ranges[index].len;

 	return 0;
 }

 /**
  * @brief Free a WP range list.
  *
  * @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_ranges to free.
  */
 void flashrom_wp_ranges_release(struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list)
 {
 	if (!list)
 		return;

 	free(list->ranges);
 	free(list);
 }


 /** @} */ /* end flashrom-wp */
	/*
	* This file is part of the flashrom project.
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2012, 2016 secunet Security Networks AG
	* (Written by Nico Huber <nico.huber@secunet.com> for secunet)
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
	* (at your option) any later version.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*/
	/**
	* @mainpage
	*
	* Have a look at the Modules section for a function reference.
	*/

	#include <errno.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>

	#include "flash.h"
	#include "fmap.h"
	#include "programmer.h"
	#include "layout.h"
	#include "hwaccess.h"
	#include "ich_descriptors.h"
	#include "libflashrom.h"
	#include "writeprotect.h"

	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-general General
	* @{
	*/

	/** Pointer to log callback function. */
	static flashrom_log_callback *global_log_callback = NULL;

	/**
	* @brief Initialize libflashrom.
	*
	* @param perform_selfcheck If not zero, perform a self check.
	* @return 0 on success
	*/
	int flashrom_init(const int perform_selfcheck)
	{
	if (perform_selfcheck && selfcheck())
	return 1;
	myusec_calibrate_delay();
	return 0;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Shut down libflashrom.
	* @return 0 on success
	*/
	int flashrom_shutdown(void)
	{
	return 0; /* TODO: nothing to do? */
	}

	/* TODO: flashrom_set_loglevel()? do we need it?
	For now, let the user decide in his callback. */

	/**
	* @brief Set the log callback function.
	*
	* Set a callback function which will be invoked whenever libflashrom wants
	* to output messages. This allows frontends to do whatever they see fit with
	* such messages, e.g. write them to syslog, or to file, or print them in a
	* GUI window, etc.
	*
	* @param log_callback Pointer to the new log callback function.
	*/
	void flashrom_set_log_callback(flashrom_log_callback *const log_callback)
	{
	global_log_callback = log_callback;
	}
	/** @private */
	int print(const enum flashrom_log_level level, const char *const fmt, ...)
	{
	if (global_log_callback) {
	int ret;
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	ret = global_log_callback(level, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
	return ret;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	/** @} / / end flashrom-general */



	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-query Querying
	* @{
	*/

	/* TBD */

	/** @} / / end flashrom-query */



	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-prog Programmers
	* @{
	*/

	/**
	* @brief Initialize the specified programmer.
	*
	* Currently, only one programmer may be initialized at a time.
	*
	* @param[out] flashprog Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_programmer
	* that will be set if programmer initialization succeeds.
	* *flashprog has to be shutdown by the caller with @ref
	* flashrom_programmer_shutdown.
	* @param[in] prog_name Name of the programmer to initialize.
	* @param[in] prog_param Pointer to programmer specific parameters.
	* @return 0 on success
	*/
	int flashrom_programmer_init(struct flashrom_programmer **const flashprog,
	const char const prog_name, const char const prog_param)
	{
	unsigned prog;

	for (prog = 0; prog < PROGRAMMER_INVALID; prog++) {
	if (strcmp(prog_name, programmer_table[prog].name) == 0)
	break;
	}
	if (prog >= PROGRAMMER_INVALID) {
	msg_ginfo("Error: Unknown programmer \"%s\". Valid choices are:\n", prog_name);
	list_programmers_linebreak(0, 80, 0);
	return 1;
	}
	return programmer_init(prog, prog_param);
	}

	/**
	* @brief Shut down the initialized programmer.
	*
	* @param flashprog The programmer to shut down.
	* @return 0 on success
	*/
	int flashrom_programmer_shutdown(struct flashrom_programmer *const flashprog)
	{
	return programmer_shutdown();
	}

	/* TODO: flashrom_programmer_capabilities()? */

	/** @} / / end flashrom-prog */



	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-flash Flash chips
	* @{
	*/

	/**
	* @brief Probe for a flash chip.
	*
	* Probes for a flash chip and returns a flash context, that can be used
	* later with flash chip and @ref flashrom-ops "image operations", if
	* exactly one matching chip is found.
	*
	* @param[out] flashctx Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_flashctx
	* that will be set if exactly one chip is found. *flashctx
	* has to be freed by the caller with @ref flashrom_flash_release.
	* @param[in] flashprog The flash programmer used to access the chip.
	* @param[in] chip_name Name of a chip to probe for, or NULL to probe for
	* all known chips.
	* @return 0 on success,
	* 3 if multiple chips were found,
	* 2 if no chip was found,
	* or 1 on any other error.
	*/
	int flashrom_flash_probe(struct flashrom_flashctx **const flashctx,
	const struct flashrom_programmer *const flashprog,
	const char *const chip_name)
	{
	int i, ret = 2;
	struct flashrom_flashctx second_flashctx = { 0, };

	chip_to_probe = chip_name; /* chip_to_probe is global in flashrom.c */

	flashctx = malloc(sizeof(*flashctx));
	if (!*flashctx)
	return 1;
	memset(flashctx, 0, sizeof(*flashctx));

	for (i = 0; i < registered_master_count; ++i) {
	int flash_idx = -1;
	if (!ret \|\| (flash_idx = probe_flash(&registered_masters[i], 0, *flashctx, 0)) != -1) {
	ret = 0;
	/* We found one chip, now check that there is no second match. */
	if (probe_flash(&registered_masters[i], flash_idx + 1, &second_flashctx, 0) != -1) {
	ret = 3;
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	if (ret) {
	free(*flashctx);
	*flashctx = NULL;
	}
	return ret;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Returns the size of the specified flash chip in bytes.
	*
	* @param flashctx The queried flash context.
	* @return Size of flash chip in bytes.
	*/
	size_t flashrom_flash_getsize(const struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx)
	{
	return flashctx->chip->total_size * 1024;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Free a flash context.
	*
	* @param flashctx Flash context to free.
	*/
	void flashrom_flash_release(struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx)
	{
	free(flashctx);
	}

	/**
	* @brief Set a flag in the given flash context.
	*
	* @param flashctx Flash context to alter.
	* @param flag Flag that is to be set / cleared.
	* @param value Value to set.
	*/
	void flashrom_flag_set(struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx,
	const enum flashrom_flag flag, const bool value)
	{
	switch (flag) {
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE: flashctx->flags.force = value; break;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE_BOARDMISMATCH: flashctx->flags.force_boardmismatch = value; break;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_AFTER_WRITE: flashctx->flags.verify_after_write = value; break;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_WHOLE_CHIP: flashctx->flags.verify_whole_chip = value; break;
	}
	}

	/**
	* @brief Return the current value of a flag in the given flash context.
	*
	* @param flashctx Flash context to read from.
	* @param flag Flag to be read.
	* @return Current value of the flag.
	*/
	bool flashrom_flag_get(const struct flashrom_flashctx *const flashctx, const enum flashrom_flag flag)
	{
	switch (flag) {
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE: return flashctx->flags.force;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_FORCE_BOARDMISMATCH: return flashctx->flags.force_boardmismatch;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_AFTER_WRITE: return flashctx->flags.verify_after_write;
	case FLASHROM_FLAG_VERIFY_WHOLE_CHIP: return flashctx->flags.verify_whole_chip;
	default: return false;
	}
	}

	/** @} / / end flashrom-flash */



	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-layout Layout handling
	* @{
	*/

	/**
	* @brief Read a layout from the Intel ICH descriptor in the flash.
	*
	* Optionally verify that the layout matches the one in the given
	* descriptor dump.
	*
	* @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
	* gets set if the descriptor is read and parsed
	* successfully.
	* @param[in] flashctx Flash context to read the descriptor from flash.
	* @param[in] dump The descriptor dump to compare to or NULL.
	* @param[in] len The length of the descriptor dump.
	*
	* @return 0 on success,
	* 6 if descriptor parsing isn't implemented for the host,
	* 5 if the descriptors don't match,
	* 4 if the descriptor dump couldn't be parsed,
	* 3 if the descriptor on flash couldn't be parsed,
	* 2 if the descriptor on flash couldn't be read,
	* 1 on any other error.
	*/
	int flashrom_layout_read_from_ifd(struct flashrom_layout *const layout, struct flashctx const flashctx,
	const void *const dump, const size_t len)
	{
	#ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	return 6;
	#else
	struct ich_layout dump_layout;
	int ret = 1;

	void *const desc = malloc(0x1000);
	struct ich_layout const chip_layout = malloc(sizeof(chip_layout));
	if (!desc \|\| !chip_layout) {
	msg_gerr("Out of memory!\n");
	goto _free_ret;
	}

	if (prepare_flash_access(flashctx, true, false, false, false))
	goto _free_ret;

	msg_cinfo("Reading ich descriptor... ");
	if (flashctx->chip->read(flashctx, desc, 0, 0x1000)) {
	msg_cerr("Read operation failed!\n");
	msg_cinfo("FAILED.\n");
	ret = 2;
	goto _finalize_ret;
	}
	msg_cinfo("done.\n");

	if (layout_from_ich_descriptors(chip_layout, desc, 0x1000)) {
	msg_cerr("Couldn't parse the descriptor!\n");
	ret = 3;
	goto _finalize_ret;
	}

	if (dump) {
	if (layout_from_ich_descriptors(&dump_layout, dump, len)) {
	msg_cerr("Couldn't parse the descriptor!\n");
	ret = 4;
	goto _finalize_ret;
	}

	if (chip_layout->base.num_entries != dump_layout.base.num_entries \|\|
	memcmp(chip_layout->entries, dump_layout.entries, sizeof(dump_layout.entries))) {
	msg_cerr("Descriptors don't match!\n");
	ret = 5;
	goto _finalize_ret;
	}
	}

	layout = (struct flashrom_layout )chip_layout;
	ret = 0;

	_finalize_ret:
	finalize_flash_access(flashctx);
	_free_ret:
	if (ret)
	free(chip_layout);
	free(desc);
	return ret;
	#endif
	}

	#ifdef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	static int flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(struct flashrom_layout **layout,
	struct flashctx const flashctx, const struct fmap const fmap)
	{
	int i;
	struct flashrom_layout *l = get_global_layout();

	if (!fmap \|\| !l)
	return 1;

	if (l->num_entries + fmap->nareas > MAX_ROMLAYOUT) {
	msg_gerr("Cannot add fmap entries to layout - Too many entries.\n");
	return 1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < fmap->nareas; i++) {
	l->entries[l->num_entries].start = fmap->areas[i].offset;
	l->entries[l->num_entries].end = fmap->areas[i].offset + fmap->areas[i].size - 1;
	l->entries[l->num_entries].included = false;
	l->entries[l->num_entries].name =
	strndup((const char *)fmap->areas[i].name, FMAP_STRLEN);
	if (!l->entries[l->num_entries].name) {
	msg_gerr("Error adding layout entry: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	return 1;
	}
	msg_gdbg("fmap %08x - %08x named %s\n",
	l->entries[l->num_entries].start,
	l->entries[l->num_entries].end,
	l->entries[l->num_entries].name);
	l->num_entries++;
	}

	*layout = l;
	return 0;
	}
	#endif /* __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ */

	/**
	* @brief Read a layout by searching the flash chip for fmap.
	*
	* @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
	* gets set if the fmap is read and parsed successfully.
	* @param[in] flashctx Flash context
	* @param[in] offset Offset to begin searching for fmap.
	* @param[in] offset Length of address space to search.
	*
	* @return 0 on success,
	* 3 if fmap parsing isn't implemented for the host,
	* 2 if the fmap couldn't be read,
	* 1 on any other error.
	*/
	int flashrom_layout_read_fmap_from_rom(struct flashrom_layout **const layout,
	struct flashctx *const flashctx, off_t offset, size_t len)
	{
	#ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	return 3;
	#else
	struct fmap *fmap = NULL;
	int ret = 0;

	msg_gdbg("Attempting to read fmap from ROM content.\n");
	if (fmap_read_from_rom(&fmap, flashctx, offset, len)) {
	msg_gerr("Failed to read fmap from ROM.\n");
	return 1;
	}

	msg_gdbg("Adding fmap layout to global layout.\n");
	if (flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(layout, flashctx, fmap)) {
	msg_gerr("Failed to add fmap regions to layout.\n");
	ret = 1;
	}

	free(fmap);
	return ret;
	#endif
	}

	/**
	* @brief Read a layout by searching buffer for fmap.
	*
	* @param[out] layout Points to a struct flashrom_layout pointer that
	* gets set if the fmap is read and parsed successfully.
	* @param[in] flashctx Flash context
	* @param[in] buffer Buffer to search in
	* @param[in] size Size of buffer to search
	*
	* @return 0 on success,
	* 3 if fmap parsing isn't implemented for the host,
	* 2 if the fmap couldn't be read,
	* 1 on any other error.
	*/
	int flashrom_layout_read_fmap_from_buffer(struct flashrom_layout **const layout,
	struct flashctx const flashctx, const uint8_t const buf, size_t size)
	{
	#ifndef __FLASHROM_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	return 3;
	#else
	struct fmap *fmap = NULL;
	int ret = 1;

	if (!buf \|\| !size)
	goto _ret;

	msg_gdbg("Attempting to read fmap from buffer.\n");
	if (fmap_read_from_buffer(&fmap, buf, size)) {
	msg_gerr("Failed to read fmap from buffer.\n");
	goto _ret;
	}

	msg_gdbg("Adding fmap layout to global layout.\n");
	if (flashrom_layout_parse_fmap(layout, flashctx, fmap)) {
	msg_gerr("Failed to add fmap regions to layout.\n");
	goto _free_ret;
	}

	ret = 0;
	_free_ret:
	free(fmap);
	_ret:
	return ret;
	#endif
	}

	/**
	* @brief Set the active layout for a flash context.
	*
	* Note: This just sets a pointer. The caller must not release the layout
	* as long as he uses it through the given flash context.
	*
	* @param flashctx Flash context whose layout will be set.
	* @param layout Layout to bet set.
	*/
	void flashrom_layout_set(struct flashrom_flashctx const flashctx, const struct flashrom_layout const layout)
	{
	flashctx->layout = layout;
	}

	/** @} / / end flashrom-layout */


	/**
	* @defgroup flashrom-wp
	* @{
	*/

	/**
	* @brief Create a new empty WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[out] cfg Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_wp_cfg that will
	* be set if creation succeeds. *cfg has to be freed by the
	* caller with @ref flashrom_wp_cfg_release.
	* @return 0 on success
	* >0 on failure
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_cfg_new(struct flashrom_wp_cfg **cfg)
	{
	cfg = calloc(1, sizeof(*cfg));
	return *cfg ? 0 : FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Free a WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg to free.
	*/
	void flashrom_wp_cfg_release(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
	{
	free(cfg);
	}

	/**
	* @brief Set the protection mode for a WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[in] mode The protection mode to set.
	* @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg structure to modify.
	*/
	void flashrom_wp_set_mode(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg, enum flashrom_wp_mode mode)
	{
	cfg->mode = mode;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Get the protection mode from a WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[in] cfg The WP configuration to get the protection mode from.
	* @return The configuration's protection mode.
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_mode flashrom_wp_get_mode(const struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
	{
	return cfg->mode;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Set the protection range for a WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_cfg structure to modify.
	* @param[in] start The range's start address.
	* @param[in] len The range's length.
	*/
	void flashrom_wp_set_range(struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg, size_t start, size_t len)
	{
	cfg->range.start = start;
	cfg->range.len = len;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Get the protection range from a WP configuration.
	*
	* @param[out] start Points to a size_t to write the range start to.
	* @param[out] len Points to a size_t to write the range length to.
	* @param[in] cfg The WP configuration to get the range from.
	*/
	void flashrom_wp_get_range(size_t start, size_t len, const struct flashrom_wp_cfg *cfg)
	{
	*start = cfg->range.start;
	*len = cfg->range.len;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Write a WP configuration to a flash chip.
	*
	* @param[in] flash The flash context used to access the chip.
	* @param[in] cfg The WP configuration to write to the chip.
	* @return 0 on success
	* >0 on failure
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_write_cfg(struct flashctx flash, const struct flashrom_wp_cfg cfg)
	{
	/*
	* TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
	* direct WP operations require SPI access. In particular, linux_mtd
	* has its own WP operations we should use instead.
	*/
	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
	return wp_write_cfg(flash, cfg);

	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Read the current WP configuration from a flash chip.
	*
	* @param[out] cfg Pointer to a struct flashrom_wp_cfg to store the chip's
	* configuration in.
	* @param[in] flash The flash context used to access the chip.
	* @return 0 on success
	* >0 on failure
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_read_cfg(struct flashrom_wp_cfg cfg, struct flashctx flash)
	{
	/*
	* TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
	* direct WP operations require SPI access. In particular, linux_mtd
	* has its own WP operations we should use instead.
	*/
	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
	return wp_read_cfg(cfg, flash);

	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Get a list of protection ranges supported by the flash chip.
	*
	* @param[out] ranges Points to a pointer of type struct flashrom_wp_ranges
	* that will be set if available ranges are found. Finding
	* available ranges may not always be possible, even if the
	* chip's protection range can be read or modified. *ranges
	* must be freed using @ref flashrom_wp_ranges_free.
	* @param[in] flash The flash context used to access the chip.
	* @return 0 on success
	* >0 on failure
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_get_available_ranges(struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list, struct flashrom_flashctx flash)
	{
	/*
	* TODO: Call custom implementation if the programmer is opaque, as
	* direct WP operations require SPI access. We actually can't implement
	* this in linux_mtd right now, but we should adopt a proper generic
	* architechure to match the read and write functions anyway.
	*/
	if (flash->mst->buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
	return wp_get_available_ranges(list, flash);

	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Get a number of protection ranges in a range list.
	*
	* @param[in] ranges The range list to get the count from.
	* @return Number of ranges in the list.
	*/
	size_t flashrom_wp_ranges_get_count(const struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list)
	{
	return list->count;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Get a protection range from a range list.
	*
	* @param[out] start Points to a size_t to write the range's start to.
	* @param[out] len Points to a size_t to write the range's length to.
	* @param[in] ranges The range list to get the range from.
	* @param[in] index Index of the range to get.
	* @return 0 on success
	* >0 on failure
	*/
	enum flashrom_wp_result flashrom_wp_ranges_get_range(size_t start, size_t len, const struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list, unsigned int index)
	{
	if (index >= list->count)
	return FLASHROM_WP_ERR_OTHER;

	*start = list->ranges[index].start;
	*len = list->ranges[index].len;

	return 0;
	}

	/**
	* @brief Free a WP range list.
	*
	* @param[out] cfg Pointer to the flashrom_wp_ranges to free.
	*/
	void flashrom_wp_ranges_release(struct flashrom_wp_ranges *list)
	{
	if (!list)
	return;

	free(list->ranges);
	free(list);
	}


	/** @} / / end flashrom-wp */